Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life questionnaire is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the factor Structure of purpose in life questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory factor analysis showed that there are two factors "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether results of this research showed factor validity of the purpose in life questionnaire with a two factor pattern

Several theories have been presented about the corporate capital Structure,some researchers believe that the Structure of capital and firm value depend on each other. Moreover, others believe that the firm value is not influenced by any changes in the Structure of capital, and with the change in the Structure of capital, the value of the firm remains constant. The present research studies the historical theories of capital Structure and presents the classification of existing theories in terms of the Optimal capital Structure. This classification is subdivided into two categories: the presence of an Optimal capital Structure and the absence of an Optimal capital Structure. With the historical review of theories of capital Structure and the presence of an Optimal capital Structure or the lack of an Optimal capital Structure, it seems that none has been a complete model and so far, no one has been able to provide an Optimal capital Structure. In this research, from the system dynamics approach and using VENSIM software, the capital Structure and share price of the company have been studied and the results of model simulation with real data are to ensure the correct performance of the model behavior. And the results show that financing through debt in the capital Structure of the company has a significant effect on the debt cost rate and capital cost rate and does not have a significant effect on stock prices. Finally, the share price shows little sensitivity to the company's financial Structure.

In this paper, a novel risk-based, two-objective (technical and economical) Optimal reactive power dispatch method in a wind-integrated power system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive power generation and active power loss. The proposed voltage instability risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the risk index. The decision variables are the reactive power resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed risk-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.

Diagrid Structure is diagonal elements that simultaneously carry the load of horizontal and vertical loads. In diagrid Structures, unlike most common systems of high-rise buildings in which incoming loads are transmitted through shear and flexural mechanisms, the diagrid Structures, due to their triangular configuration and removal of vertical columns, have a central load transfer mechanism, in other words, they have truss performance. Diagrid Structures are developed for effectiveness and beauty of architecture and Structure. Diagrid Structures as a structural system in high-rise buildings in terms of performance, is an improved system of frame and pipe Structure, which reduces the structural weight by decreasing the shear lag. The goal of this research is to optimize the diameter Structure of buildings to minimize the weight of the Structure, to determine the number of horizontal and vertical segments. Grasshopper graphical programming plugin for Rhino software, with parameterization of the written program, provides algorithm optimization. Optimization in the program written by the genetic algorithm is done through the Galapagos plugin based on the outcomes of the Structure analysis engine of the Karamba plugin. The simulation results indicate that for a 40-store diameter Structure of 900 square meters in each floor, the Optimal mode with the horizontal and vertical divisions of 8, and 26, and the angle of 64 with the horizontal axis will be 21508 tons of the total Structure.

Objective: Investment efficiency is one important factor affecting a firm's performance. Also, financing decisions affect investment decisions, regarding the effects of the non-Optimal capital Structure on the rate of capital cost and cash flows of the firm. This study examines the relationship between deviation from Optimal capital Structure and inefficiency of investment. Methods: This is a descriptive, correlation, and post-event study. The statistical population consists of the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange, and the sample comprises 142 companies during 2007-2017, accounting for 1562 company-years. Results: The findings showed that an increase in the deviation from Optimal capital Structure increases investment inefficiency. Also, an increase in the positive deviation from Optimal capital Structure (over-leveraged) has a significant and negative effect on over-investment and a positive effect on under-investment. Besides, an increase in the negative deviation from Optimal capital Structure (under-leveraged) has a significant and positive effect on over-investment and negative effect on under-investment. Conclusion: The results imply that the Optimal capital Structure can affect investment efficiency by moderating the cash flow availability and the expected interest rate.